The United States invasion of Afghanistan occurred after the September 11 attacks in late 2001, supported by close US allies. The conflict is also known as the U.S. war in Afghanistan. Its public aims were to dismantle al-Qaeda, and to deny it a safe base of operations in Afghanistan by removing the Taliban from power.The United Kingdom was a key ally of the United States, offering support for military action from the start of preparations for the invasion. It followed the Afghan Civil War's 1996–2001 phase between the Taliban and the Northern Alliance groups, although the Taliban controlled 90% of the country by 2001.
U.S. President George W. Bush demanded that the Taliban hand over Osama bin Laden and expel al-Qaeda; bin Laden had already been wanted by the FBI since 1998. The Taliban declined to extradite him unless given what they deemed convincing evidence of his involvement in the 9/11 attacks and ignored demands to shut down terrorist bases and hand over other terrorist suspects apart from bin Laden. The request was dismissed by the U.S. as a meaningless delaying tactic and it launched Operation Enduring Freedom on 7 October 2001 with the United Kingdom. The two were later joined by other forces, including the Northern Alliance troops on the ground] The U.S. and its allies rapidly drove the Taliban from power by 17 December 2001, and built military bases near major cities across the country. Most al-Qaeda and Taliban members were not captured, escaping to neighboring Pakistan or retreating to rural or remote mountainous regions during the Battle of Tora Bora.
In December 2001, the United Nations Security Council established the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), to oversee military operations in the country and train Afghan National Security Forces. At the Bonn Conference in December 2001, Hamid Karzai was selected to head the Afghan Interim Administration, which after a 2002 loya jirga (grand assembly) in Kabul became the Afghan Transitional Administration. In the popular elections of 2004, Karzai was elected president of the country, now named the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.[8] In August 2003, NATO became involved as an alliance, taking the helm of ISAF.[9] One portion of U.S. forces in Afghanistan operated under NATO command; the rest remained under direct U.S. command. Taliban leader Mullah Omar reorganized the movement, and in 2002, it launched an insurgency against the government and ISAF that continues to this day.
The answer would be C. The disillusionment of people following WW1.
The internet allows users to share opinions and recommendations in the type of forum is "Consumption Communities."
<h3>What is Consumption Communities?</h3>
A consumption community is a group of consumers who are interested in the same consumption activity and/or ideology.
The community can be organized by the consumers themself, by a company or a brand, or by a third party with an interest.
Some key features regarding the Consumption Communities are-
- Previous research on consumption communities, on the other hand, suggests that managing those is difficult, if not inconceivable, because societies are self-directed and comprise equal, autonomous actors.
- The idea of consumption community, initially proposed by historian Daniel Boorstin, asserts that in today's high-mobility society, people look not only to their neighborhood for feelings of community, but also to the communality of their consumption behavior (like; drinking same brand of beer).
- The concept was tested across borders by administering a newly developed psychological sense of community (PSC) scale to adults in Belgium and the United States. The findings back up the Boorstin hypothesis.
To know more about the Consumers, here
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Answer: B: Offenders engage in direct forms of violence.
Explanation: According to the Britanica Encyclopedia "White-collar crime, crime committed by persons who, often by virtue of their occupations, exploit social, economic, or technological power for personal or corporate gain". White collar crimes tends to refer to a crime committed by a bussinessman or bussinesswoman who are more likely to be middle aged or older usually by persons from the middle class and sometimes but not very often the lower class. Fraud, money laundering, stealing company funds and embezzlment are considered white collar crimes. It is often seen as less serious when compared to other crimes because it does not involve physical violence. Public order crimes are not associated to white collar crimes. Financal gain is the ulterior motive of white collar crimes.
White-collar crime have been associated with the educated and affluent ever since the term was first coined in 1949 by sociologist Edwin Sutherland, who defined it as "crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation", however, these crimes have ceased to be exclusive to such groups.
