Let me handle your first question -- always good to do one question at a time here. :-)
Prior to President Theodore Roosevelt, those who preceded him in federal government had tended to side with industry leaders, expecting laborers to fall in line and do the work for the good of the companies. In 1902, when there was a particularly tense strike by coal workers, Roosevelt invited both sides (labor leaders and management leaders) to the White House to negotiate. This was an example of the way he saw the role of government leadership as "steward" to the nation, mediating on behalf of everyone's interests, not just the interests of a powerful small group. His "Square Deal" policies were aimed at making things fair and square for the general public. An example of this would be how much land was set aside under his administration as national forests, national parks, national monuments, etc. He was seeking to protect the use of the land for all Americans' interests, rather than letting corporations tear into any land or forest they wanted in order to grab natural resources.
Colonialism refers to a government policy in which a country establishes its power over other regions and territories. Imperialism is a similar practice, which occurs when a nation extends its rule over another country and people, most often through military, political and economic control.
The practices of colonialism and imperialism have led to a great variety of consequences, both positive and negative.The negatives usually included the death and abuse of indigenous people, or the depletion of natural resources. However, the positive ones often included growth and development.
For example, colonizers often brought new practices to the indigenous people they conquered. These practices often allowed for the development of more organized, more efficient or more stable communities. An example of this could be found in the Roman Empire, which spread Roman law over its conquered territories.
Another consequence is that of improved standards of living for most or some of the population. For example, the British government made some changes in India that improved the life of a large percentage of the population, such as the introduction of the railroad, schools, and better sanitation.
U.S. foreign policy shifted away from "isolationism" to international involvement, since the US started to steer away from Washington's idea that it should remain as detached from foreign issues as possible.
hmm thats a tough one because an effective leader would need a little of both to know what to do in the times of crisis and then follow through with his plan.
A period of roman peace and prosperity
