A ziggurat is a type of structure built in ancient Mesopotamia. These were built by Sumerians, Akkadians, Assyrians, Elamites, Eblaites and Babylonians for the worship of their religions. Each ziggurat was most likely part of a temple complex that included other buildings.
Cuneiform is one of the earliest systems of writing, and was invented by Sumerians in the late fourth millennium BC. Cuneiform was usually written on clay tablets. It gradually became replaced by the Phoenician alphabet, and became extinct around the second century AD.
The French, Spanish, and English all had land on our continent. England tried to blockade our ships from trading with Europe. The English seized our ships and their cargo. The French seized our ships and their cargo. all the above.