C. Useful energy out of a system is always less than the energy input of that system.
Explanation:
The correct statement of the given options is that useful energy out of a system is always less than the energy input of that system.
This is in compliance with the third law of thermodynamics which states that "energy transformation in a system is not 100% efficient".
- At every stage energy is usually lost when it is transformed from one form to another.
- There is no machine that is 100% efficient.
- A machine that is 100% efficient will convert all the useful energy in it to do work and even more.
- In system energy is usually lost as a result of heat and to overcome friction.
- This reduces the amount of energy out of a system.
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Third law of thermodynamics brainly.com/question/3564634
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Answer:
The correct answer is Glomeromycota
Explanation:
Arbuscular mycorrhizae are characterized by the formation of unique structures, arbuscles, coils and vesicles of fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota. They are a type of endomicorrhiza in which the fungus penetrates the cortical cells of the roots of a vascular plant.
In this symbiotic association, the fungus helps the plant to capture nutrients such as phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen and soil micronutrients. It is believed that the development of symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizae played a crucial role in the initial colonization of the earth by plants and in the evolution of vascular plants.
This symbiosis is a highly evolved mutualistic relationship found between fungi and plants.
Answer:
Hepato- and nephrotoxicity of fluoride have been demonstrated in animals, but few studies have examined potential effects in humans. This population-based study examines the relationship between chronic low-level fluoride exposure and kidney and liver function among United States (U.S.) adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate whether greater fluoride exposure is associated with altered kidney and liver parameters among U.S. youth.
This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2016). We analyzed data from 1983 and 1742 adolescents who had plasma and water fluoride measures respectively and did not have kidney disease. Fluoride was measured in plasma and household tap water. Kidney parameters included estimated glomerular filtration rate (calculated by the original Schwartz formula), serum uric acid, and the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio. Liver parameters were assessed in serum and included alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and albumin. Survey-weighted linear regression examined relationships between fluoride exposure and kidney and liver parameters after covariate adjustment. A Holm-Bonferroni correction accounted for multiple comparisons.
The average age of adolescents was 15.4 years. Median water and plasma fluoride concentrations were 0.48 mg/L and 0.33 μmol/L respectively. A 1 μmol/L increase in plasma fluoride was associated with a 10.36 mL/min/1.73 m2 lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (95% CI: −17.50, −3.22; p = 0.05), a 0.29 mg/dL higher serum uric acid concentration (95% CI: 0.09, 0.50; p = 0.05), and a 1.29 mg/dL lower blood urea nitrogen concentration (95%CI: −1.87, −0.70; p < 0.001). A 1 mg/L increase in water fluoride was associated with a 0.93 mg/dL lower blood urea nitrogen concentration (95% CI: −1.44, −0.42; p = 0.007).
Fluoride exposure may contribute to complex changes in kidney and liver related parameters among U.S. adolescents. As the study is cross-sectional, reverse causality cannot be ruled out; therefore, altered kidney and/or liver function may impact bodily fluoride absorption and metabolic processes.
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The statement environmental influences begin at birth and continue throughout life is definitely False.
<h3>What do you mean by Environment?</h3>
Anything which is present in the surrounding of an organism is called its environment. The environment is surrounded by abiotic and biotic factors.
Environmental influences will not remain the same throughout life. If a human is affected by a natural disease, it will definitely be cured with medications. Environmental influences sometimes behave as genetic diseases, which stay long or sometimes endless.
Therefore, the statement environmental influences begin at birth and continue throughout life is definitely False.
To learn more about Environmental influences, refer to the link;
brainly.com/question/503225
