<h2>Cholinergic and Adrenergic neurons</h2>
Explanation:
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a dual innervations system which innervates internal organs of the body through the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). Depending upon the neurotransmitter and receptor used, the ANS fibers are classified as cholinergic or adrenergic neurons.
The preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic and the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACH) and hence are called cholinergic neurons.
The postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system releases catecholamine like norepinephrine(NE) and hence called as adrenergic neurons.
The cholinergic neurons store ACH in the synaptic terminals. They are myelinated to aid in faster neurotransmission. The ACH neurotransmitter released from preganglionic neurons activates the two receptors – nicotinic ACH and muscarinic receptors on the postganglionic neurons
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The postganglionic neurons releasing NE binds to the adrenergic receptors – Alpha 1 and 2, Beta 1, 2, and 3.
Answer:
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Explanation:
stress level change depending on a person's age or life style because Levels rise with ageing and are higher in older females than males. Elevated levels of cortisol in aging are associated with higher levels of psychosocial stress, porrer cognitive performance, and atrophy of memory-related structures in the brain such as the hippocampus..
Answer:
Kindly check explanation as the question seems incomplete but the explanation should help.
Explanation:
Given the following :
Initial dosage of drug = 100mg
Halflife of drug = 6hours
After 18 hours, the percentage of drug that will be in the system should be :
Half-life is the time taken for a material to reduce to half of it's initial size.
Since half life = 6 hours
After 6 hours ; amount left = 100/2 = 50 mg
After 12 hours ; amount left = 50/2 = 25mg
After 18 hours ; amount left = 25/2 = 12.5mg
Hence, after 18 hours percentage left in system :
(Amount left / total initial amount) × 100%
(12.5 / 100) × 100%
0.125 × 100%
= 12.5%
It is a simple test with low risk of incorrect results :)
