Studies of populations that reveal correlations between dietary habits and disease incidence are epidemiological studies.
Keratinocytes are differentiated skin cells found in the outermost layer of the epidermis. Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells that play important roles in the adaptive immune response.
- In addition to keratinocytes, the <em>stratum spinosum</em> also contains another epidermal cell type called epidermal DENDRITIC cells that help to fight infection.
- The s<em>tratum spinosum</em><em> </em>is an epidermal skin layer between the <em>stratum granulosum </em>and<em> stratum basale</em>.
- Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells that are capable of processing harmful antigens in order to present them on the cell surface to the T cells of the immune system.
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Explanation:
Primary succession starts off with the modification of a previously unoccupied area along with increasing variation- this occurs in barren areas devoid of life like sand dunes, and lava flows. Communities in a primary succession include:
-barren rock
-bacteria and fungi
-mosses and lichen
Further Explanation:
Succession involves small scale changes within a community that occur repeatedly over the life of that community.
Ecological communities are highly dynamic- they gradually evolve. Typically their progression involves:
- colonizing species exploiting uninhabited areas (Primary succession)
- becoming a habitable and increasingly complex community
- there is increased diversity of organisms (Secondary)
The makeup of biological communities is crucial to defining Primary and Secondary succession; eventually, through changes in this makeup, a steady-state or equilibrium is reached called a climax community. While Primary succession starts off with the modification of a previously unoccupied area along with increasing variation; secondary succession begins after major disruption in the community such as fires, storms and flooding.
However, the process of becoming a climax community can be pretty complicated- it is very dependent on other factors like temperature and rainfall. Communities that experience rapid change, frequent major disruptions and even human intervention, are less likely to attain a stable equilibrium and may never become climax communities.
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They share a more recent common ancestor.
Gaurd cells are high for exchange of gad
