This is all i know about caves: Caves are large, natural holes beneath the surface of the earth. Underground passages and caves are found in rocky landscapes across the world. They are found in areas with a lot of limestone, a common type of rock. They can be created in various ways, but most caves are hollowed out of rock by water.
Answer:
they carry out experiments to understand it
Explanation:
Scientists raise hypotheses which are tested by experiments made under controlled conditions in order to explain a particular topic. When a hypothesis is confirmed by the experimental data, the evidence obtained from this experiment provides the basis to increase the scientific knowledge about a particular issue. In consequence, experimentation can be considered as a critical step in the scientific method and research aims to advance knowledge of a particular phenomenon by confirming a hypothesis, which must be testable (i.e. verifiable as a result of further experimentations).
Answer:
The phases of the Moon depend on its position in relation to the Sun and Earth. As the Moon makes its way around the Earth, we see the bright parts of the Moon's surface at different angles.
Explanation:
Answer:
D. DDT
Explanation:
DDT is highly persistent in the environment means that it break down very slowly in the environment. The half-life for DDT is from 2 to 15 years. Half-life is the time needed for the degradation of half of the compound. Persistent bio-accumulative toxic substances (PBTs) are chemicals that break down slowly in the environment and its accumulation in living organisms are toxic. Some PBTs are dispersed through air currents while some uses other environmental pathways, resulting in contamination of regions far from their points of origin.
<h2>Transportation across the membrane</h2>
Explanation:
(a) Simple diffusion; Faciliated diffusion-Directions in which two transported solutes move
- In simple diffusion diffusion of non polar compounds across the membrane and along the concentration gradient without the involvement of protein whereas in case of facilitated diffusion membrane transport proteins that facilitate movement pf molecules across the membrane down its concentration gradient
- Both the diffusions does not require energy
(b) Facilitated diffusion; active transport-Direction the solute moves relative to its concentration gradient
- In facilitated diffusion membrane transport proteins that facilitate movement of molecules across the membrane down its concentration gradient without the expenditure of energy
- Active transport drives transportation of solute against the concentration gradient across the membrane
(c) Simple diffusion; Active transport-Directions in which two transported solutes move and Direction the solute moves relative to its concentration gradient
- In simple diffusion diffusion of non polar compouds across the membrane and along the concentration gradient without the involvement of protein and energy
- Active transport drives transportation of solute against the concentration gradient across the membrane;secondary active transporters coupled with transportation of two solute molecules
(d) Direct active transport; Indirect active transport-Direction the solute moves relative to its concentration gradient or its electrochemical potential
- Direct active transport use direct energy such as ATP hydrolysis,oxidation and sunlight energy
- Indirect active transport use indirect energy such as chemical gradient,electrochemical gradient established by direct active transporters;one solute moves along the concentration gradient while other moves against the concentration gradient
(e) Symport; Antiport-Direction in which two transported solutes move
- In symport both the solute molecules move in same direction;coupled with primary active transport(direct transport)
- In antiport both the solutes moves in opposite direction;coupled with secondary active transport(indirect transport)
(f) Uniport; coupled transport-Directions in which two transported solutes move
- Uniport is the transport of single solute across the membrane
- Coupled transport is the transport of two solute molecules across the membrane;it may be symport or antiport
(g) P-type ATPase; V-type ATPase-Kinetics of solute transport
- P-type ATPase always transport cations and undergoes phosphorylation
- V-type ATPase(here V stands for vacuole) transport protons and no phosphorylation occurs;catalytic activity is not reversible
- Both are types of primary active transporters
