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Alex787 [66]
3 years ago
5

What are developmental homologies, and how are they studied?

Biology
1 answer:
7nadin3 [17]3 years ago
5 0

Explanation:

In reference to evolution, homology can be described as the comparative similarities in the structures of organisms that make it more alike to one organism than the other organisms. It also shows the characteristics that might have evolved in an organism over time. Developmental homology are the similarities which arise between organisms due to similar embryological source.

Developmental studies can be made by researching the embryological developments of different organisms and looking for similarities among them.

For example, studying the snake embryos showed that some of the embryos have hind limb buds in them which disappeared in the mature snake. This study made it clear that snakes evolved from organisms that had hind limbs. As the snakes do not need the limbs, so with time the species of snakes evolved and lost their hind limbs.

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In Drosophila, the genes for withered wings (whd), smooth abdomen (sm) and speck body (sp) are located on chromosome 2 and are s
lesya692 [45]

Answer:

A) 47; B) 33; C) 272; D) 122

Explanation:

The three genes are linked.

The female with withered wings and a smooth abdomen has the genotype whd sm sp+/whd sm sp+.

The male with a speck body has the genotype whd+ sm+ sp/whd+ sm+ sp.

Both individuals are homozygous for all genes, so each of them only produces one type of gamete. The resulting F1 therefore has the genotype whd sm sp+/ whd+ sm+ sp, heterozygous for all genes and with a wild-type phenotype.

The females of the F1 were mated with homozygous recessive males (test cross): whd sm sp/whd sm sp.

<h3>A)</h3>

If we assume interference is 0, the probability of crossing over happening between the genes whd and sm is independent from the probability of crossing over happening between sm and sp.

The distance = frequency of recombination × 100, so the frequency of recombination (RF) between genes whd and sm is 0.305 and the RF between genes sm and sp is 0.155.

<u>The expected double crossover progeny among the 1000 offspring will be:</u>

RF whd-sm × RF sm-sp  × 1000 =

0.305  × 0.155 × 1000 = 47 individuals will be double crossover.

<h3>B)</h3>

Interference is 0.3

The interference is calculated as 1- coefficient of coincidence (cc).

cc = observed double crossover/expected double crossover

Therefore:

I = 1 - cc

cc = 1 - I

<u>cc = 0.7</u>

Observed DCO / 47 = 0.7

Observed DCO = 0.7  × 47

Observed DCO ≅ 33

<h3>C)</h3>

The parental gametes are whd sm sp+ and whd+ sm+ sp (the genotype of the F1 female is known).

Looking at them and at the gene map we can tell that the gametes that give rise to withered wings, speck body (whd sm+ sp) and smooth abdomen (whd+ sm sp+) phenotypes are the result of recombination occurring between genes whd and sm.

To calculate the expected number of individuals with those phenotypes among the 1000 progeny we need to determine the frequency of recombination between the genes whd and sm considering there's interference.

The distance whd-sm = RF x 100

The recombination frequency is the sum of the single crossover between whd and sm and the double crossovers.

The frequency of DCO is 33/1000=0.033.

Distance whd-sm/ 100 = SCOwhd-sm + DCO

0.305 - 0.033 = SCO whd-sm

<u>Frequency of SCO whd-sm= 0.272</u>

And the expected number of individuals with those phenotypes will be 0.272 x 1000 = 272.

<h3>D)</h3>

The gametes that originate the phenotypes withered wings, speck body, smooth abdomen (whd sm sp) and wild type (whd+ sm+ sp+) are the result of recombination between genes sm and sp.

Distance sm-sp/ 100 = SCOsm-sp + DCO

0.155 - 0.033 = SCOsm-sp

<u>Frequency of SCO sm-sp= 0.122</u>

And the expected number of individuals with those phenotypes will be 0.122 x 1000 = 122.

6 0
3 years ago
What does it mean when they say genetic.
olya-2409 [2.1K]

Answer:

relating to or determined by the origin, development, or causal antecedents of something

Explanation:

3 0
3 years ago
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How much would a 125 pound person weigh on pluto​
Reika [66]

Answer:

77.5lbs

Explanation:

Weight × Pluto's surface gravity

125 x 0.62 = 77.5

3 0
3 years ago
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What is biotechnology? causing random mutations in bacterial plasmids changing an organism’s genes to make new molecules infecti
Anna [14]
Biotechnology is changing an organism’s genes to make new molecules, B.
3 0
3 years ago
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Why do females produce fewer gametes?
yaroslaw [1]
Coz they need food to live long and so they r big in size containing large amount of food. if they'll divide to form more no. of gametes then their food content will decrease and so theyll die
6 0
3 years ago
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