Question

Through which microscope were cells first observed?

Answer 1

The microscope which was used to visualize the cells for the first time was the compound microscope.

Further Explanation:

The cell theory explains that the cells together make up a living organism. The cells are formed from already existing cells and are the basic structural unit of life. Over time, the introduction of microscopes and their continuous improvements helped in the discovery of cells due to the advanced magnification technologies. Earlier, glass was used to see an enlarged image of an object. Later, different eyeglasses were used to see images but with limited magnification. It was around 1620 when the first compound microscope was introduced, which makes use of an objective lens along with the eyepiece lens to visualize a real image with higher magnification.

A compound microscope has a compound lens system that helps in high magnification. It has two lenses: the objective lens and an eyepiece lens. Both lenses work together to make an enlarged image. While the lenses work to create a magnifying image, a condenser, on the other hand, focuses, is present under the stage and functions to focus the light onto the sample.

The compound microscope is also known as biological microscopes as they are used to visualize living cells and other biological samples. Some of the compound microscopes are:

1. Phase-contrast microscope: It is used to see blood cells or bacteria using a phase-contrast objective lens and a phase condenser.
2. Fluorescence microscopes: These microscopes use the light of different wavelengths to produce fluorescence for the study of the sample.
3. Metallurgical microscope: It uses the reflected light and transmitted light, which passes through an objective lens to study the specimen.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Chapter: The Cell Theory

Subject: Biology

Keywords:

Cell theory, cells, structural unit, microscope, compound microscope, objective lens, eyepiece lens, condenser, magnification, biological microscope, phase contrast microscope, metallurgical microscope, fluorescence microscope.

Answer 2

Compound microscope

Further explanation

In 1665, Robert Hooke used a compound microscope to observe cells. Hooke observes the cell walls of dead plants (in the form of cork) when they appear under a microscope. He named it the cell because it looked similar to a cellula or small room inhabited by monks.

Development of microscopy:

• 1590: Hans and Zacharias Janssen, as Dutch lens grinders, mounted two lenses in a tube to produce the first compound microscope.
• 1660: Robert Hooke published Micrographia, containing detailed observations of biological materials made with the best compound microscope.
• 1676: Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to observe a live cell under a microscope, i.e., the algae Spirogyra.
• 1931: Ernst Ruska constructed the first electron microscope. With the invention of the electron microscope, many infectious agents smaller than bacteria could be seen.

Until now, we can see how important the use of microscopes, especially in microbiology, that is the study of microorganisms.

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Keywords: compound microscope, Robert Hooke, cells first observed, cork, dead plant, walls, Anton van Leeuwenhoek