In 1896, in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court declared the "separate but equal" doctrine. It upheld the rights of governments to set up separate schools and separate public facilities for blacks and whites so that blacks and whites could be "equal." However, they were far from equal.
It would be the eight amendment
The Eighth Amendment (Amendment VIII) of the United States Constitution prohibits the federal, state, and local governments of the United States, or any other government, or any corporation, private enterprise, group, or individual, from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT
US: 40 degrees N
China: 30 degrees N
Because back In the day there was slavery and they thought that should still be a thing so they started killing and torturing black!?!?