Answer: Russia mobilized its forces, prompting Germany to declare a two-front war against Russia and France.
More details:
Various systems of alliances were put in place before World War I. The two main alliance systems were the Triple Entente, which had Britain, France and Russia as allies, and the Triple Alliance, which had Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy as allies. There were also other alliances, such as Russia taking on recently independent Serbia as an ally, as both had ethnic Slavic populations.
So here's how the start of World War I happened. When the Austrian prince and his wife were assassinated in Serbia, the Austrian government threatened the nation of Serbia with retaliatory action (even though the assassination was carried out by a terrorist group, not the Serbian government). Russia responded to Austria's threat, because Russia was bound to protect its Slavic ally, Serbia. Germany responded to the mobilization of Russian troops, and when Germany declared war on Russia in 1914, they implemented a military plan (the Schlieffen Plan), which assumed war would mean they'd have to take on all members of the Triple Entente alliance. So as soon as Germany declared war on Russia, they sent troops to go attack France. That pulled France and Britain into the war immediately as well, and the war spread and became a global conflict.
Answer:
B. Historian A wants to make the colonists appear in a negative light by suggesting that they did not really believe in freedom for all.
Explanation:
The whole point of the American Revolution is that the colonists wanted to overthrow the oppressive British government who was imposing more and more taxes on them. Historian A believed that the American colonists were wrong in starting the Revolution, because they were 1) well protected by the British, and that 2) they do not act on what they want.
For example, the American Revolution was basically the 13 Colonies trying to win freedom from the "oppressive" United Kingdom. However, the historian points out that while they themselves know how it feels like to be under oppression, they do not think of their slaves as those who, like them, wanted freedom. This is a "looking-down" view, and the slaves should have been freed at the end of the Revolutionary War. This proves that the US citizens did not believe of "freedom & rights for all", but rather, only for white males.
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Labor unions worked for reforms in the workplace, including safer working environments, better pay, and shorter hours.
