Answer:
Each FADH2 yields about 1.5 ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.
Explanation:
Most of the ATP molecules are produced by oxidative phosphorylation, not by substrate-level phosphorylation. During glycolysis, 2 ATP molecules per glucose are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation. Similarly, Kreb's cycle also yields 2 ATP per glucose by substrate-level phosphorylation.
For each pair of electrons transferred to O2 from FADH2 via electron transport chain, 4 and 2 protons are pumped from matrix towards the intermembrane space by complex III and complex IV respectively. It generates the proton concentration gradient required to drive the synthesis of 1.5 ATP molecules. Since oxidation of FADH2 is coupled to the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP, the process is called oxidative phosphorylation.
The treatment of serious psychological disorders with prescribed medications or medical procedures that directly influence the nervous system is called <u>biomedical therapy.
</u>It is a type of therapy where medicine is used to influence physiological issues in the body, so as to treat the psychological problems of the brain. There are various ways to do this, but the most "popular" ones are drug therapies, electroconvulsive (shock) treatment, as well as psychosurgery. <u>
</u>
Answer:
Summary
All cells have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA.
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound structures.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound structures called organelles.
Explanation:
Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells usually have multiple chromosomes, composed of DNA and protein. Some eukaryotic species have just a few chromosomes, others have close to 100 or more. These chromosomes are protected within the nucleus. In addition to a nucleus, eukaryotic cells include other membrane-bound structures called organelles. Organelles allow eukaryotic cells to be more specialized than prokaryotic cells. below are the organelles of eukaryotic cells , including the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.
Prokaryotic cells are usually smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. They do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. In prokaryotic cells, the DNA, or genetic material, forms a single large circle that coils up on itself. The DNA is located in the main part of the cell.
Answer:
6, 3, 4, 5, 7, 2, 1
Explanation:
Here, speciation occurs because the original butterfly population gets separated into two populations, each facing a different set of environmental conditions. Initially, there was just a single population of butterflies in the valley and all butterflies were able to mate with each other. A fire destroyed their habitat so they had to migrate to other areas. Some butterflies migrated to eastern side of mountain and some to western side of mountain.
Now there were two butterfly populations and they faced different environment from each other. Over the time, the populations adapted to their local surroundings and started to accumulate changes in their genome. Their gene pools started to separate from each other. Eventually they evolved into two different species. When their old habitat was restored in the valley, they returned once again. However, this time they were not able to interbreed because they were now two different species.