Answer:
Patriotism has always been an important political concept in Polish public discourse. During country's partitions (1795-1918) and under the communist rule it was one of the 'integrating forces' (Polakiewicz) and tools to maintain national identity and oppose the imposed regime. After 1989 its role becomes manifold. While multiple intellectuals still debate about its essence and usefulness in public sphere and try to elaborate a new patriotic formula for times of peace, increasingly the debates over its meaning become political. One could even conclude that it might be an 'essentially contested' concept (W.B. Gallie), or rather that actors from different ideological sides try to use it to their advantage and achieve their political goals with it. Labeling oneself 'the real patriot' and refusing this label to others in the process of monopolisation of patriotism (Bar-Tal) demonstrates how an allegedly subjective feeling can be used in the political realm, and how strong emotions such process can bring about. The analysis is based on a number of empirical debates about patriotism, e.g. the last up to date that occurred in 2010 after the crash of presidential aircraft in Katyn. The analysis will also compare whether more theoretical debates from the initial stage of the democratic transition had an impact on living the national mourning and expressing patriotism in the wake of such a national trauma.
Explanation:
its a bit long but hope it helps
A, I checked on usa test prep
The statement that best describes what happened when Constantine tried to establish New Rome is: He was successful in building a new political center in the East, unified by the Christian religion.
Even Until today, the residual of Constantine's territory still remained as the center of the christian culture in the world. We most commonly know it as the Vatican city.
Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops. I hope this helps. found it online
To measure the amount of human capital available in a country, it would be best to determine the literacy rate of that country.
<span>If you want to calculate the human capital of the country, the foremost thing you can do is to find the elements which are important in order to calculate the human capital. These elements include the number of people with higher education in a country, students, academics, research activity, the degree of utilization of potential labor resources, etc. Once the identification process is done, you have to select the variables which are quite related to the human capital, which includes the number of university students for 10,000 people, employment in Research and development per 1,000 economically active people.</span>
