d. Both were based on unconstitutional state laws.
Charles Edward Anderson or known as Chuck Berry was an American musician, songwriter, and singer who is one of the pioneers of the rock and roll music. His music about teen life and consumerism features guitar solos and unique showmanship that made him a major influence on subsequent rock music. He was one of the first musicians that was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Catherine can be described a such because she had no constitution for her country. She ruled by her own decision not by a written code. Her laws had to be upheld. She herself quoted that, "The Sovereign is Absolute."
hope that helped;P
The ultimate effect was an end to the Cold War. The leader of Russia at the time Gorbachev enacting These social and economic policies resulted in the tearing down of the Berlin Wall, and many civilian protest in eastern bloc countries.