Answer:
B) upward communication
Explanation:
Upward communication takes place when employees inform or communicate something to their supervisors or managers. This type of communication can be carried out by entry level employees informing their supervisors or low level managers about something, but also takes place when middle managers inform upper management.
Answer:
$21,000
Explanation:
The new bridge would take 30 man hours of labor at $50 per hour, in activity based costing, this means that ,
30*50 = 1500.
Now, it will require 14 piers to support it each time a pier is sunk into the harbor,hence the final calculation will be:
30*50*14 = 21000.
Hope this Helps.
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Answer:
Taylorism
Explanation:
Taylorism, often referred to as Scientific Management, was the first theory of management to focus specifically on analyzing and optimizing workflows. These theories of process optimization helped drive the Fordist shift to mass production which occurred in the early part of the 20th Century. Taylorism can be boiled down to 4 principal points: The method of doing a task should be informed by a scientific investigation of the task , employees should be selected and carefully trained for tasks ,tasks should have detailed instructions and should be subject to supervision and management should evaluate tasks and formulate optimized approaches for the workers to follow .
Some forms of analysis might be done by timing how long it takes a worker to do a task, others by weighing raw materials. Process analysis, for Taylor, had to look at both the minutiae of the process composition and the detail of the physical acts required to complete the process. The elements of process improvement Taylor advocated for were successful in regards to processing materials; changing the way steel was cut and patenting that process. Yet, during his life, Taylor struggled to achieve quite the same success improving the efficiency of workers. Taylorism was first scientifically understanding how the production process worked and then supporting the managers of a workplace to intimately train workers to work at maximum efficiency. This way, the means towards higher returns is paved with a well-managed, harmonious relationship between managers and workers. In theory, this would have been a much more sustainable model for an organization. But despite that promise, people, although genetically similar, are intrinsically unique and complex. Aligning different minds and ushering people to a new way of working (from individual craft, to standardized production), sometimes require more time and effort than bringing in a new piece of technology.
Answer: a. Issues
Explanation:
A Communication plan for a project allows for easier information flow between the stakeholders in the project including the client, the company and the workers.
By setting standards on how and what should be communicated the plan will let the stakeholders know how to communicate any issues affecting the project. The plan will also let the stakeholders know how to track issues that will be reported.
Answer:
Consider the following calculations
Explanation:
According to this general formula
f1,k = [(1+rk+1)k+1/((1+r1)]1/k -1
f1,1 = [(1+ 4.9%)1+1/((1+4.4%)]1/1 -1 = 5.40%
f1,2 = [(1+ 5.6%)2+1/((1+4.4%)]1/2 -1 = 6.21%
f1,3 = [(1+ 6.4%)3+1/((1+4.4%)]1/3 -1 =7.08%
