Answer:
The Inca civilization flourished in ancient Peru between c. 1400 and 1533 CE, and their empire eventually extended across western South America from Quito in the north to Santiago in the south. Image result for inca civilization landforms
The geography was rugged - Andes mountains, the coastline deserts, and the Amazon jungle.The Andes Mountains run north to south. The Andes are the backbone of South America.
I can't help you out with the map key, srry.
Explanation:
Martin Luther was excommunicated becuase he was going against the Roman Catholic church. He was saying that you didn't need to pay indulgences to the Roman Catholic church just to get into heaven. All you had to do was believe that Jesus christ died on the cross to save our sins. So when he went against the Roman Catholic church, the pope was mad becuase if people started believing him, they would lose money.
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After Muhammad's death, the sunni wanted Abu Baker, Muhammad's closest advisor, to become the new leader of the muslim world, while the Shi'a favored Muhammad's cousin Ali. Abu Baker was made the leader of islam, but this left many bitter feelings and more disagreements arose between the two sides, especially many years later following Ali's assassination, eventually leading to the creation of two separate sects.