<span>This module is divided into three parts. The first is a brief introduction to various criteria we use to define or distinguish between normality and abnormality. The second, largest part is a history of mental illness from the Stone Age to the 20th century, with a special emphasis on the recurrence of three causal explanations for mental illness; supernatural, somatogenic, and psychogenic factors. This part briefly touches upon trephination, the Greek theory of hysteria within the context of the four bodily humors, witch hunts, asylums, moral treatment, mesmerism, catharsis, the mental hygiene movement, deinstitutionalization, community mental health services, and managed care. The third part concludes with a brief description of the issue of diagnosis.</span>
Answer:
Portolan charts are navigational maps used by European sailors and pilots from 13th to 16th century (and beyond in altered form). ... Those maps- the portolan charts – were showing coastal and sailing information and they were based on classifying two points in space by compass directions and distances between them.
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Chicago, Illinois. hope i helped
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