What argument would I present? I would present that everyone is equal and everyone has a voice if you had asked them to speak, people have different outlooks on being able to vote at 18 or 21. But I don't know much about voting, I don't, and don't plan on, voting ever. Soooooo.....
Answer:
False, you're not properly trained / prepared
The answer is After the response.
Reinorcement and punishment need to be associated within the person's mind after he/she complete a certain behavior/response.
After it's all associated, that person will develop a tendency to conduct the conditioned behavior because he/she associated that behavior with positive outcome.
