Answer:
d. 1/2
Explanation:
According to this question, PKU (Phenylketonuria) is a recessive condition in humans. A normal human must possess at least a dominant allele in the gene.
In a situation where two normal parents produce a child with PKU. This means that both parents are heterozygous for the condition i.e Pp × Pp. Hence, the heterozygous male (Pp) will produce gametes in the following proportion: P (1/2) and p (1/2).
This means that the probability that a sperm from the father will contain the PKU allele (p) is 1/2 or 50%
The information from a signal molecule present outside the cell elicits intercellular response when the G protein coupled receptors interact with the wide variety of molecules on the outer surface of the cells.
G Proteins are the specialized proteins having the ability to bind GTP and GDP and is of three units called Alpha, Beta and Gamma subunits which together formed G proteins.
When G protein is activated it will bind GTP and each receptor binds in lock and key method and binding result into conformational change which will trigger a complex chain of events influencing different cell function.
Features exhibited by Signal Transduction System are:
1. Specificity- Signal molecules fits binding site on its complementary receptor. Other signal do not fit
2. Amplification- When enzymes activates enzymes, the number of affected molecules increases.
3. Desensitization- Receptor activation triggers a feedback circuit that shuts off the receptor or removes it from the cell surface.
4. Integration - When two signals have opposite effects on a metabolic characteristics outcome results from the integrated input from both the receptor.
To learn more about G protein here
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The answer is B.) Arctic tundra
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