Question

How is information from a signal molecule present outside the cell elicits intracellular response? Explain with suitable example. What features are exhibited by signal transduction?

Answer 1

The information from a signal molecule present outside the cell elicits intercellular response when the G protein coupled receptors interact with the wide variety of molecules on the outer surface of the cells.

G Proteins are the specialized proteins having the ability to bind GTP and GDP and is of three units called Alpha, Beta and Gamma subunits which together formed G proteins.

When G protein is activated it will bind GTP and each receptor binds in lock and key method and binding result into conformational change which will trigger a complex chain of events influencing different cell function.

Features exhibited by Signal Transduction System are:

1. Specificity- Signal molecules fits binding site on its complementary receptor. Other signal do not fit

2. Amplification- When enzymes activates enzymes, the number of affected molecules increases.

3. Desensitization- Receptor activation triggers a feedback circuit that shuts off the receptor or removes it from the cell surface.

4. Integration - When two signals have opposite effects on a metabolic characteristics outcome results from the integrated input from both the receptor.

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