Answer: Protons contribute towards making ATP by producing proton-motive force that provides energy for ATP synthesis.
Explanation: In the respiratory chain, the transfer of electrons from one complex to another is accompanied by pumping of protons out of the matrix. This creates a difference in proton concentration and separation of charge across the mitochondrial inner membrane. The electrochemical energy inherent in this difference in proton concentration called proton-motive force is used to drive ATP synthesis as protons flow back passively into the matrix through a proton pore.
Answer:
the answer is carbohydrate
Answer: By losing its two outermost electron
Explanation:
Calcium is a element that belongs to group 2 in the periodic table. It has an atomic number of 20, and an electronic configuration of 2, 8, 8, 2.
Hence, to form an octet structure, it gives off its two electrons as shown below:
Ca <----> Ca2+ + 2e-
Thus, by losing its two outermost electrons, a positively charged calcium ion (Ca2+) is formed
The very first one is the answer-
Abiotic changes have the ability to dictate biotic ones. This can be caused by humans.
For example: an abiotic thing can be an element like water. If the water in a lake gets poisoned by chemical compounds, this is an abiotic change. However, since the lake is now poisoned it’ll likely harm or even kill fish, bacteria, algae, and any other wildlife living within the lake. It doesn’t stop there though, without the lake surrounding animals won’t have clean water to drink, they can now die from either the poisoning, dehydration, or starvation if they lived off of the aquatic life from the lake.
Answer:
failure of a pair of homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis I, failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis II, and failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis. Nondisjunction results in daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers (aneuploidy).
Explanation:
