Answer & Explanation:
a) a) Mutualistic relationship differs from parasitism because the first one benefits both of the involved organisms. Otherwise, parasitism benefits only one of the organisms and it can harm the host. Therefore, the parasite would have to be smaller than the host and it would be somehow extracting energy from the host.
b) The direction of evolutionary changes would follow some kind of pattern, like coevolution. Therefore, analyzing the phylogenies individually and then contrasting them, would help to understand how the host, as well as the parasite, have been evolving.
c) The phylogeny would also help to understand what changed first, or if they changed together as a result of coevolution.
Answer: HI your question is incomplete but i will provide a general answer that can help you
answer : Permeable Rock layers allow the flow of fluid like substances through them, While Impermeable rock layers do not allow the flow of fluid like substance through them.
Explanation:
Permeable rocks are rocks containing pores through Fluid like substances can penetrate through in the rocks. examples of Permeable rocks are ; Sandstones and Chalk
While an Impermeable rock is a rock that does not allow the flow of fluid like substance through it due to the absence of pores in its rock layers . examples of such rock are ; Clay and marble
Although some permeable rocks might exhibit low level of permeability as well but generally Rock sample with pores are classified as permeable rock layers.
Answer:
Zona fasiculata.
Explanation:
Zona fasiculata is present in the middle of the adrenal cortex lies beneath the zona glomerulosa. This layer produces the glucocorticoids especially cortisol that regulates the glucose metabolism.
The zona fasiculata layer can be easily determined historically. This layer of adrenal cortex contains the long cords or column cells and the cells are plump with liquid.
Thus, the correct answer is option (b).
Answer:
Elastin
Explanation:
The elastin is defined as an extracellular matrix protein which lends to the elasticity and also resilience to the tissues such as the lungs, skin, arteries, tendons, and the ligaments.
Elastin synthesized from precursor molecule named tropoelastin.
Elastin is the fibrous protein which gives the skin its flexibility and also helps the skin regain its shape.
Answer:
b. nuclear membrane
Explanation:
it gose nucleus membrane cell wall
