Answer:
Explanation:
The stratosphere starts just above the troposphere and extends to 50 kilometers (31 miles) high. The ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters the solar ultraviolet radiation, is in this layer. The thermosphere starts just above the mesosphere and extends to 600 kilometers (372 miles) high
The right answer is B. folding
The translation of the genetic information is done in two stages: one translates the sequence of the bases of the gene into amino acid sequence of the protein is the primary structure; the second translates this sequence into a complex, precisely defined three-dimensional structure, the only one able to confer on the protein its biological activity.
The second stage, or "protein folding", is at present one of the central problems of biological research.
The bone cell responsible for breaking down bone tissue is the osteoclast, whereas the bone cell that produces new bone tissue is the osteoblast.
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What is osteoclast and osteoblast?</h3>
- In those processes, osteoblast and osteoclast are the two major cells involved.
- Aged bone resorption is caused by osteoclasts, whereas new bone creation is caused by osteoblasts.
- Under healthy settings, the processes of resorption and creation are steady.
- The cells known as osteoclasts mediate bone loss in pathologic situations by increasing their resorptive activity and degrading bone to start normal bone rebuilding.
- They originate from myeloid/monocyte lineage progenitors that circulate in the circulation after developing in the bone marrow.
- On the surface of bones, there are osteoblasts, bone lining cells, and osteoclasts, which develop from progenitor cells, which are regional mesenchymal cells.
- Osteocytes are created by the fusing of mononuclear blood-borne progenitor cells, and they penetrate the interior of the bone.
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The ATP synthase is the enzyme that creates atp