Answer:
Mesopotamia.
Explanation:
Mesopotamia was home to Sumer - the first urban civilization in the region, and arguably the first civilization in the world. Sumer was first permanently settled between 5,500 and 4,000 B.C.
The first revolution toppled tsar rule and put a provisional government had little support,
This situation make it possible for the Bolsheviks second revolution to bring down the government. When the civil war was over, the Bolsheviks now replaced the tsar and hold the majority of control in the government. They later on replaced the officials that ruled under the tsar with their own, and implemented communist principle to Russian economy.
Yes,
The new policy of territorial expansion was motivated by both idealism and realism.
There were several actions of the government around the turn of the century that social Darwinists would disapproved of, but one of the major ones was aid to the poor.