<span>There are three phases of clnic study and one post approval phase required by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for a New Drug Application (NDA). Phase IV which is a common stipulation by the FDA includes continual evaluation of the drug after approval has been granted.</span><span />
Answer:
SNPs have shown that only 0.1 % of DNA sequences are different in the human genome between different individuals, thereby all the inherited phenotypic variation observed in our species is associated with only 0.1 % of differences at the genome level
Explanation:
Haplotypes are block-like sequences of DNA that are inherited together due to low recombination rates. Moreover, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mapping is a very useful methodology used to map the site of SNP mutations (i.e., SNP variants). In this regard, it has been observed that there are approximately 10 million common SNPs in the human genome. These SNPs contribute to the wide range of phenotypic variation observed in human populations for different traits (e.g., eye color, hair, weight, height, etc). Moreover, researchers have determined that SNPs can be clustered into haplotypes, thereby haplotypes can be accurately sampled by as few as approx. 300,000 selected SNPs, which are sufficient to represent all of the genetic variation across different human genomes.
The Krebs cycle. The steps are
1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs Cycle
3. Electron transport chain.
The Calvin cycle is in photosynthesis.
It helps us categorize organisms so we can more easily communicate biological information. Taxonomy uses hierarchical classification as a way to help scientists understand and organize the diversity of life on our planet.
