The leading argument against slavery during this time in the US was simply that it was immoral, and went against God's will. Another was that it violated the Constitution, and yet another was that it was unsustainable in the South.
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The trade exchanges had several positive affect on the city of Timbuktu. The city started becoming wealthy due to numerous trade exchanges. This wealth attracted many people from outside and made the city of Timbuktu very powerful. I hope that this is the answer that has come to your desired help.