Answer:
E) Improve membrane fluidity
Explanation:
Cholesterol constitutes the basic structural element of the skeleton of cell membranes. Without their reinforcement, the membranes would become extremely fluid and lose their consistency. Cholesterol is found in the esterified membranes in its hydroxyl group (OH): with fatty acids, mainly oleic and linoleic, or as cholesterol sulfate. The cholesterol-sulfate polar group is disposed on one of the faces of the membrane that interacts with other polar groups in that area, while its bulky hydrophobic portion is embedded between the apolar parts of the lipids that form the membrane skeleton and They fulfill many other functions, among which the reduction in the permeability of protons and sodium ions, and their participation in signal transmission. Cholesterol is also essential in phagocytosis processes carried out by cells to capture many nutrients and, in general, for the function of cleaning up organic waste produced by macrophages.
The membranes must have a fluid structure so that the integrated proteins can move "horizontally" to interact with their ligands and with other proteins. The fluidity is given by unsaturated fat. With the excess of saturated fat, the membranes become rigid, but only with the necessary unsaturated fat the membranes are extremely fluid and very sensitive to temperature changes. Cholesterol stabilizes the structure of the membranes; In order for them to have the correct structure, they must have the correct proportions of saturated, unsaturated fats and cholesterol. The membranes produced in the laboratory without cholesterol are unstable to temperature changes, drastically modifying their fluidity against the small temperature changes that occur in the physiological range.
In addition to its functions in cell membranes, cholesterol is an important product that metabolism uses as a raw material to make other compounds:
*Bile salts
*Sex hormones
*Hormones of the adrenal cortex (corticosteroids)
*Vitamin D (Calciferol)
Answer:
3 long tails : 1 short tail
Explanation:
This question involves a single gene coding for tail length in mice. The allele for long tail (T) is dominant over the allele for short tail (t). This means that an heterozygous mice will possess the long tail length.
According to this question, in a cross between two hybrid or heterozygote mice i.e. Tt × Tt, the following gametes will be produced by each parent:
Tt - T and t
Using these gametes in a punnet square (see attached image), the following will be produced: TT, Tt, Tt and tt.
Offsprings with genotype TT, Tt and Tt will have a LONG TAIL while genotype tt will have a SHORT TAIL. Hence, the phenotypic ratio will be 3 long tails : 1 short tail.
Answer:
An increase in the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
Liquid; gas
Lacking oxygen
To decrease the temperature in the compost pile
Explanation:
1. Methane is one of the greenhouse gases. When these gases are released into the atmosphere, they increase the temperature of the earth surface because they trap heat within the earth. Other examples are carbon dioxide and water vapor.
2. Evaporation is a phase change from liquid to gas. During this process, heat is supplied to a liquid. When the molecules of the liquid gain enough energy, they then begin to break off into gaseous form. The reverse process of evaporation is condensation.
3. Anaerobic is a process that lacks oxygen. Aerobic processes are carried out with the availability of oxygen.
4. The reason why compost should be regularly mixed is to decrease the temperature in the compost pile. Portions of the compost can have a higher temperature than other parts. Therefore, mixing the compost will help to redistribute the heat in the compost.
