Answer:
sorry i need points but I hope someone helps u
A phrase is a set of words that don't have a subject doing a verb.
A clause does have a subject doing a verb.
So therefore, 1 would be a phrase, 2 would be a subordinate clause, and I'm sure (or hope) you can figure out the rest..?
Philology is fundamentally "the correct interpretation of texts."
the brothers' ability to overcome difficulties to succeed as scholars
We can not answer this because we don't know what you are reading. What book is this from?