Answer:
Linkage.
Explanation:
The Mendel's second law is also known as the law of independent assortment. According to this law, the assortment of two different genes are independent of each other.
The law of independent assortment is applicable only when the two genes are on the different chromosomes. If the two genes are on the same chromosome, they undergo the process of linkage and do not assort independently. The linkage will result in the formation of recombinant progeny.
Thus, the correct answer is option (c).
Well there alot of challenges faced by biologist researchers during the research of infectious disease, however major of those include the followings:
1- Defining and measuring the fitness for pathogens across the scales
2- Developing models to capture the impact of co-infection on the evolutionary process
3- Modeling how pathogen characteristics shape the evolution of hose immune diversity
4- Understanding the maintenance of pathogen diversity
5- Developing the better models for the impact of genetic systems on pathogen evolution .
B .measure the total energy in a dolphin before feeding and the food fed to the dolphin. then measure the energy in the dolphin after feeding and determine the difference. etc