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user100 [1]
3 years ago
8

Which of the followingcharacteristics determines when the refractory period ends?

Biology
1 answer:
kondor19780726 [428]3 years ago
3 0

Explanation:

<u>-how long it takes for the voltage-gatedNa+ channels to close at the end of an action potential</u>

Neurons have unique structures which aid in facilitating communication by sending and receiving electrical signals very efficient.

The refractory period describes a period between the initiation of an action potential where Na+ channels are closed, and immediately after the action potential’s peak. Action potentials would require an influx of more positively charged ions; these must be more than a specific threshold in order to have the cells send along more action potentials which helps with figuring out stimulus intensity.

Potassium ions readily diffuse out of the cell more quickly than sodium due to the presence of more channels which allow for potassium leakage. The sodium pumps in neuronal membranes bring more Na+ than K+ ions into the cell; with every three sodium ions pumped out two potassium ions are brought in- this is in order to maintain the negatively charged membranes within the cell along with the resting potential.

Learn more about the autonomic nervous system at brainly.com/question/10386413

Learn more about neurotransmitters at brainly.com/question/9424160

Learn more about homeostasis at brainly.com/question/1601808

#LearnWithBrainly

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During the 18th century what was England’s view on inoculations
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For many centuries, smallpox devastated mankind. In modern times we do not have to worry about it thanks to the remarkable work of Edward Jenner and later developments from his endeavors. With the rapid pace of vaccine development in recent decades, the historic origins of immunization are often forgotten. Unfortunately, since the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, the threat of biological warfare and bioterrorism has reemerged. Smallpox has been identified as a possible agent of bioterrorism (1). It seems prudent to review the history of a disease known to few people in the 21st century.

Edward Jenner  is well known around the world for his innovative contribution to immunization and the ultimate eradication of smallpox (2). Jenner's work is widely regarded as the foundation of immunology—despite the fact that he was neither the first to suggest that infection with cowpox conferred specific immunity to smallpox nor the first to attempt cowpox inoculation for this purpose.

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3 0
3 years ago
What can the student conclude about her hypothesis based on the results?
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The Hypothesis is that explanation which is used as a starting of any investigation. The Hypothesis can or cannot be correct. We can test the hypothesis with scientific research.

Now a student can make conclusions about the hypothesis based on the results obtained. If results are the same as the hypothesis it means that our proposed explanation i.e hypothesis was correct but if the result differs than it means the hypothesis was not correct.

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the salivary glands, stomach, and pancreas secrete ____________ enzymes to break down triglycerides into monoglycerides, fatty a
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The salivary glands, stomach, and pancreas secrete<u> lipase enzymes</u> to break down triglycerides into monoglycerides, fatty acids, and glycerol.

Lipases are a set of water-soluble enzymes that hydrolyze substrates such as triglycerides and phospholipids, have a similar structure and are essential in the metabolism of lipoproteins and lipids.

That is, the function of lipase enzymes is to hydrolyze triglycerides to generate diglycerides, monoglycerides, fatty acids and glycerol.

<u>About lipase enzymes</u>:

  • It acts on the neutral fats in the diet, splitting them into triglycerides or diglycerides and these to monoglyceride, which is the most easily absorbed fatty compound.

  • The action of lipase is much more manifest on triglyceride, and it is also much faster the higher the molecular weight of the fatty acid present.

  • It acts on the surface and in an aqueous medium, the emulsifying agent represented by bile salts is essential for optimum effectiveness.

  • They are widely distributed, with a presence in the animal and plant kingdoms and even in the simplest unicellular organisms.

Therefore, we can conclude that the salivary glands, stomach, and pancreas secrete lipase enzymes to break down triglycerides into monoglycerides, fatty acids, and glycerol.

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