Answer:
The correct answer is letter c. a variable-ratio scheduled.
Explanation:
Psychologist B. F. Skinner developed operant conditioning, which is a method of teaching someone a desired behavior by reinforcing that behavior either positively or negatively. A positive reinforcer happens when something is added to increase the probability of a behavior. A negative one happens when something is removed to increase the probability of a behavior. <u>
The reinforcer is presented ONLY if the subject responds with the targeted behavior, but that does not mean every time the subject responds he will receive reinforcement.</u>
<u>A variable-ratio schedule is a schedule of reinforcement in which the person is not rewarded every time. As a matter a fact, behavior is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses.</u> Because it is unpredictable, people are often more persistent, since they know they will eventually get the reward. That is the case with Shaquille. The basket is the reinforcement of his shots, but he does not know when he will make them. So he tries harder.
In the late 1800's, economic, political and religious motives prompted European nations to expand their rule over other regions with the goal to make the empire bigger. The Industrial Revolution of the 1800's created a need for natural resources to fuel the newly invented machinery and transportation.
Answer:
The Atmosphere, and the Surface of the Earth, including the Litosphere and the Hydrosphere.
Explanation:
Living organisms depend on the Atmopshere because it is the layer where several crucial cycles for life on Earth take place, like the Nitrogen Cycle and the Carbon Cycle.
Living organisms also depend on both the Litosphere and the Hydrosphere because these are the layers where they live. Terrestrial organisms dwell on the Litosphere, and water organisms dwell on the Hydrosphere.
As far as I could find, the following were a feature of the reformin 1996:
increased work requirements (especially after two years)
a five-year limit on benefits from federal funds
So these were definitely a feature.
Of the remaining two, it is true that the cash assistance was diminished in 1996.
So i think that the transportation vouchers were not provided. Additionally, I found that transportation costs can be deducted from taxes by the employers, and that there is a number of smaller programs providing transportation benefits, but I don't think that they were a major part of the reform (so the last option).
