Anti-Federalism refers to a movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the 1787 Constitution. The previous constitution, called the Articles of Confederation, gave state governments more authority. They believed in reserved powers. They thought that powers not given to federal government automatically belonged to the people, promoted Bill of Rights to protect the rights of the people, rejected the idea of the necessary and proper clause (the elastic clause), believed that the president could become too powerful without term limits and believed that the Federal government should stay out of the ecomomy,
Collectivization led to terrible famines, especially in the Ukraine, that caused the deaths of millions. The third (1938–42) emphasized the production of armaments. The fourth (1946–53) again stressed heavy industry and military buildup, angering the Western powers.
