New warships. Cool thing is. They were the first Ironclad warships. Military ships with sides of Iron. Hardly anything would penetrate the armor...
I assume you are referring to the 19-century nationalisms. Nationalist ideas differed in Eastern and Western Europe primarily because of different political circumstances. The common point of all European nationalisms in the 19th century was national unification. For example, the fragmented, small countries on the Italian peninsula sought to unite into a single country because they realized it was their common interest, as in the previous centuries they were separate and more vulnerable to foreign threats. It was a similar situation with German people, who wanted to unite and strengthen their position.
On the other hand, Eastern Europe was settled by Slavic peoples, many of which had lived under the Ottoman Empire. So, their nationalist cause was intended towards liberation from the Turks in the first place, and only then towards creating unified states. For example, the Balkan nations had lived under the Ottoman rule for centuries, and in the 19th century, they managed to overthrow the Ottomans and achieve independence.
Answer: John Locke
Explanation: The idea the governments exist only by the consent of the people was first popularized by John Locke.
Indigo? I think I'm not 100% positive.
According to John B. Gordon, a Southern point of view regarding the power of states under the <span>Constitution was that state sovereignty was more important than federal power. </span>
