Answer:
Scandinavia ( present-day Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
1) Who created the first photograph? How was this done?
The eldest photograph that we have access to is called "<em>View from the Window at Le Gras</em>" and it is dated around 1826-1827. It was taken by Nicéphore Niépce, a French inventor, in his residence called Le Gras (thus the name of the photo). He used a Camera Obscura (in Latin, dark room), also known as pinhole image, where an image is captured and then projected reversed through a small whole.
2) What is a calotype? What happens in this process?
The photographic process called Calotype (also known as Talbotype). It was created by William Henry Fox Talbot in 1841. This process works by creating a paper negative from which then is created a positive contact print in sunlight.
