The United States feared that if communism was successful on Vietnam, the rest of the countries that border it would soon turn into communism and those other countries that border that new communist country would also be converted to communism and so on. This is called the "domino theory" and made the United States to send troops to prevent the theory from happening.
The route they took was around the southern tip of Africa, and the first explorer to get there was Marco Polo.
<span>When it comes to what happened to the people's culture with migration patters, the answer is that as the people migrated the spread culture through diffusion. This means that their cultures mixed and new cultures were made by having cultures diffuse and mix and adopt elements of other cultures, but they would also lose some parts of their own that would get lost in time. </span>
The answer is the first one