I think the answer is technology.
For example, since the development of satellite technology which could observe the world from above in the form of 2-dimensional picture, Geography could be developed into other things such as weather predictions, taking care of space objects, etc.
Answer:
Khalifa or Khalifah is a name or title which means "successor", "deputy" or "steward". It most commonly refers to the leader of a Caliphate, but is also used as a title among various Islamic religious groups and orders. Khalifa is sometimes also pronounced as "kalifa".