Question

A chemist prepared ten 4.85 g quantities of aniline and purified it to acetanilide using fractional crystallization. The following dry yields were recorded.
3.83 3.82 3.90 3.87 3.92 3.34 3.64 3.99 3.70 3.85

Estimate the mean grams of acetanilide that can be recovered from an initial amount of 4.85 g of aniline. Use a 95% confidence interval. (Round your answers to three decimal places.)

Answer 1

Answer:

$3.786-2.262\frac{0.187}{\sqrt{10}}=3.652$    

$3.786+2.262\frac{0.187}{\sqrt{10}}=3.920$    

So on this case the 95% confidence interval would be given by (3.652;3.920)    

Step-by-step explanation:

Previous concepts

A confidence interval is "a range of values that’s likely to include a population value with a certain degree of confidence. It is often expressed a % whereby a population means lies between an upper and lower interval".

The margin of error is the range of values below and above the sample statistic in a confidence interval.

Normal distribution, is a "probability distribution that is symmetric about the mean, showing that data near the mean are more frequent in occurrence than data far from the mean".

$\bar X$ represent the sample mean for the sample  

$\mu$ population mean (variable of interest)

s represent the sample standard deviation

n represent the sample size  

Solution to the problem

The confidence interval for the mean is given by the following formula:

$\bar X \pm t_{\alpha/2}\frac{s}{\sqrt{n}}$   (1)

In order to calculate the mean and the sample deviation we can use the following formulas:  

$\bar X= \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{x_i}{n}$ (2)  

$s=\sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n (x_i-\bar X)}{n-1}}$ (3)  

The mean calculated for this case is $\bar X=3.786$

The sample deviation calculated $s=0.187$

In order to calculate the critical value $t_{\alpha/2}$ we need to find first the degrees of freedom, given by:

$df=n-1=10-1=9$

Since the Confidence is 0.95 or 95%, the value of $\alpha=0.05$ and $\alpha/2 =0.025$, and we can use excel, a calculator or a table to find the critical value. The excel command would be: "=-T.INV(0.025,9)".And we see that $t_{\alpha/2}=2.262$

Now we have everything in order to replace into formula (1):

$3.786-2.262\frac{0.187}{\sqrt{10}}=3.652$    

$3.786+2.262\frac{0.187}{\sqrt{10}}=3.920$    

So on this case the 95% confidence interval would be given by (3.652;3.920)