Whether it is a case of external or internal economies of scale:
A. A number of firms doing contract research for the drug industry are concentrated
Larger changes within the industry lead to external economies of scale, so as the industry expands, the average cost of doing business decreases.
when external economies of scale exist?
External economies of scale take place when an industry as a whole expands and businesses profit from lower long-term average costs. External economies of scale are also known as advantageous external outcomes of industrial development.
An external economy of scale is shared by competitors, internal economies of scale provide larger competitive advantages.
To learn more about external economies refer to:
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Answer:
communication
Explanation:
communication function of channel intermediaries.
Channel intermediaries are responsible for making sure that the product is available at the appropriate quantities, at the right time and place for end user consumption. They also serve as a means of communication between the consumer and producer concerning such issues as product quality.
Answer:
The central government is, essentially, the public body in charge of managing the nation's resources and controlling compliance with the laws. In other words, it applies its power within the entire national territory, but in turn delegating certain powers to state and local governments, which have a much stronger contact with the population of cities and states. Thus, within the regional development process in each nation, local and state governments are the main executors of development policies, but with the supervision and guidance of central governments.
Answer:
The answer is: A) A decrease in the price of paper used to make greeting cards.
Explanation:
In normal market conditions, an increase in the equilibrium quantity of greeting cards means that the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied of greetings cards increased. Usually an increase in the quantity supplied will result in an increase of the price of the good or service. But on this specific case something else made the price of the cards decrease. The only one of the four possible options that can explain an external cause for a decrease in the price of greetings cards, is a decrease in the price of paper used to manufacture them.
Answer: c. small changes in economic growth rate lead to large GDP changes over time.
Explanation:
If there is even a small change in the rate at which the economy is growing, this increase will increase by even more the year afterward and then even more as time goes on. This is because the interest is being compounded overtime.
Look at the future value formula that shows compounding for instance:
Future value = Amount * (1 + rate) ^ number of periods
Assume even a change of 2% in the growth rate. In 30 years, this rate would have increased the economy by:
= 1 * ( 1 + 2%)³⁰
= 1.81
Which is a rate of:
= 1.81 - 1
= 81%
What started off as only 2% became 81% in 30 years. This is what compounding does.
