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monitta
3 years ago
7

Chromosomes only exist inside gametes true or false

Biology
1 answer:
netineya [11]3 years ago
8 0

The male human has a sperm cell and the female has an egg cell. The cells from the male and female that combine to form a zygote are called gametes. The human sperm and egg cells each contain 23 chromosomes. . A combination of gametes forms a zygote with 46 chromosomes. The type of cell division that produces gametes with half the normal chromosome number is the meiosis. Meiosis is the type of cell division used in sexual reproduction. It will occur in the testes and ovaries.<span>Chromosomes get shuffled when eggs and sperm are made. Though most adult cells contain two sets of chromosomes, sperm and egg cells are different. These special cells have just one chromosome from each pair. Which chromosome they get from each pair is random, making each sperm or egg cell unique. There is also a bit of mixing before the chromosomes are sorted into individual sperm or egg cells. Chromosomes from each pair in a mother or father, respectively, make contact and exchange pieces of DNA, creating hybrid chromosomes. </span>

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A cross is made between homozygous wild-type female Drosophila (a^+ a^+ b^+ b^+ c^+ c^+) and triple-mutant males (aa bb cc) (the
marusya05 [52]

Answer:

a is the middle gene.

Distance [b-a]= 24.7 mu

Distance [a-c]= 15.8 mu

Distance [b-a} = 40.5 mu

Explanation:

A homozygous wild-type female drosophila (a⁺b⁺c⁺/a⁺b⁺c⁺) is crossed with a homozygous recessive male (abc/abc). <u>The order of the genes here is arbitrary. </u>

The F1 is heterozygous for the three genes (a⁺b⁺c⁺/abc). The F1 females were test crossed (crossed with abc/abc males).

The F2 shows the following phenotypic ratios:

  • 320 a⁺b⁺c⁺
  • 308 a b c
  • 102 a⁺ b c⁺
  • 112 a b⁺ c
  • 66  a⁺ b⁺ c
  • 59 a b c⁺
  • 18 a⁺ b c
  • 15 a b⁺ c⁺

Total = 1000

The male parent is homozygous recessive for the 3 genes, so the observed phenotypes of the offspring correspond to the gametes received from the mother.

Recombination during meiosis is a rare event, so the most abundant gametes are always the parentals:  a⁺b⁺c⁺ and abc.

The least abundant gametes, following the same logic, are the double crossovers (DCO): a⁺bc and ab⁺c⁺.

<h3><u>1st. Determine the gene order</u></h3>

Compare the parental and the DCO gametes. The allele that is switched corresponds to the middle gene. In this case, gene a is in the middle of the other two.

<h3><u>2nd Determine the single crossover gametes</u></h3>

The F1 mother that generated all 8 types of gametes had the genotype b⁺a⁺c⁺/bac (correct order of genes).

  • The single crossover (SCO) gametes resulting from recombination between genes b and a are b⁺ac and ba⁺c⁺.
  • The single crossover (SCO) gametes resulting from recombination between genes a and c are b⁺a⁺c and bac⁺.
<h3><u>3) Calculate the recombination frequencies between genes </u></h3>

Recombination frequency (RF) = #Recombinants/Total progeny

  • RF [b-a]= (102+112+18+15)/1000= 0.247
  • RF [f-br]= (66+59+18+15)/1000= 0.158
<h3><u /></h3><h3><u>4) Calculate the distance in map units </u></h3>

Distance (mu) = RF x 100

Distance [b-a]= 0.247 × 100 = 24.7 mu

Distance [a-c]= 0.158 × 100 = 15.8 mu

Distance [b-a} = 24.7 mu + 15.8 mu = 40.5 mu

<h3><u>The gene map therefore looks like: </u></h3>

b------------24.7 mu--------------------------a---------15.8 mu-----------c

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Answer:

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Isotopes


The answer has to be 20 characters long so this is irrelevant.
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