The tiny holes in the cell walls of plants that allow for the passing of materials are called the plasmodesmata. The correct option among the different options given in the question is the second option. Plasmodesmata are actually very small or rather microscopic channels that traverse the cell walls of the plant cells.
Plasmodesmata can be described as small channels ( or small holes) in the cell wall of adjacent plant and algal cell.
These channels allow the cytoplasm of adjacent cell to physically communicate with each other, thus allows the transport certain molecules ( such as proteins) from one cell to the adjacent cell through a symplastic pathway ( that is through the cytoplasm of the cells).
A pathogen that has nutrients absorbed from its environment is called fungus. Fungus is a eukaryotic microorganism that is a heterotroph and acquire its food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment
