The answer is D (Galen and Claire have an argument outside Galen’s locker)
Wallace places emphasis on the word "adjust" because he is addressing our realities and way of thinking as "default." He expresses the importance of paying attention to your surroundings, and adjusting to other perspectives and ways of thinking. He compares our ignored experiences to the water fish swim in but were never taught to notice.
The answer is D, today Russia wants to train all astronauts
This can fit into the category of Hasty Generalization, this is, that you generalize with a lack of evidence or better,reasons as of to state that the trilogy of the Lord of The Rings isgood. It is good because it is good, if the first part is good, then all the trilogy is good.
Another option might be a fallacy called <em>ad populum </em> which takes place whenever you appeal to the public knowledge of something to prove it is true. In this case forexample, you could say: the reviews are giving this movie 5 stars, so this movie is good, because people like it.