The Underground Railroad was the name of the escape routes used by slaves to escape the South and flee to the North. It was a network of special routes and safe houses that were used by both slaves and abolitionists who were sympathetic to their cause of escaping slavery. It started in the late 1700's and ended after the abolition of slavery. Canada was a popular destination, as slavery was prohibited their and had a longer border for easier access.
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James II and VII (14 October 1633O.S. – 16 September 1701[1]) was King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII,[3] from 6 February 1685 until he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The last Roman Catholic monarch of England, Scotland and Ireland, his reign is now remembered primarily for struggles over religious tolerance. However, it also involved the principles of absolutism and divine right of kings and his deposition ended a century of political and civil strife by confirming the primacy of Parliament over the Crown.[4]
James inherited the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland from his elder brother Charles II with widespread support in all three countries, largely based on the principle of divine right or birth.[5] Tolerance for his personal Catholicism did not apply to it in general and when the English and Scottish Parliaments refused to pass his measures, James attempted to impose them by decree; it was a political principle, rather than a religious one, that ultimately led to his removal.[6]
In June 1688, two events turned dissent into a crisis; the first on 10 June was the birth of James's son and heir James Francis Edward, threatening to create a Catholic dynasty and excluding his Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange. The second was the prosecution of the Seven Bishops for seditious libel; this was viewed as an assault on the Church of England and their acquittal on 30 June destroyed his political authority in England. Anti-Catholic riots in England and Scotland now made it seem only his removal as monarch could prevent a civil war.[7]
Representatives of the English political elite invited William to assume the English throne; after he landed in Brixham on 5 November 1688, James's army deserted and he went into exile in France on 23 December. In February 1689, Parliament held he had 'vacated' the English throne and installed William and Mary as joint monarchs, establishing the principle that sovereignty derived from Parliament, not birth. James landed in Ireland on 14 March 1689 in an attempt to recover his kingdoms but despite a simultaneous rising in Scotland, in April a Scottish Convention followed their English colleagues by ruling James had 'forfeited' the throne and offered it to William and Mary. After defeat at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690, James returned to France where he spent the rest of his life in exile at Saint-Germain, protected by Louis XIV.
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"Oregon has a slightly higher overall rate of crime than most states according to FBI reporting for both property and violent crime. See the link below for our best places to live in Oregon list for some of the safest (& best) places in Oregon.
Oregon residents pay a higher tax burden overall than people residing in most other US states according to the Tax Foundation. True, above in the “pro” portion we highlighted the fact that Oregon doesn’t collect sales tax on purchases. However, all states have roads, police protection and or other services they must provide for residents and they must raise funds to pay for it somehow. Oregon’s income tax burden is one of the highest in the nation. It is progressive, meaning lower income earners pay a lower percentage than those with high incomes. Income tax rates start at 5% and rise as income does, to a top rate of 9.9%.
Oregon has a higher cost of living than most other states. Housing in most of Oregon is not cheap. Okay, it’s actually quite expensive with a median home price far above the national average. The cost of goods and services across a wide range including groceries also costs more in Oregon than most states. The only major cost of living category that runs less in Oregon is the cost of utilities according to the Missouri Economic Research and Information Center (information was derived from Council for Community and Economic Research).
Oregon students have slightly lower test scores than students in most other states according to the National Center for Education Statistics. The teacher to student ratio is considerably higher than the national average. Despite those two lower scoring factors, more Oregonian students have attain a high school diploma or college degree in the last few years than the national average, according to the US Census Bureau.
The quality of health care in Oregon is slightly lower than it is in most other states according to the US Health and Human Service’s Agency on Research and Healthcare Quality."
<span>Jeddiah Smith was the one who found the south pass in Wyoming in 1823...
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