I believe it's D. African Americans had to compete with new immigrants for low-paying factory jobs.
Reconstruction was a success in that it restored the United States as a unified nation: by 1877, all of the former Confederate states had drafted new constitutions, acknowledged the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments, and pledged their loyalty to the U.S. government.
The nomadic society was based upon tribal or clan organization
