Mostly, the Europeans dominated because their numbers or military technology and organization were superior.
Considering the alternatives, the only alternative that represents any sort of military power being evolved with it is:
d. They built infrastructure to keep military units traveling and intimidating the locals.
Also, the British and other countries did build many railroads in Africa.
In 1846, <span> the </span>Oregon<span> boundary dispute between </span>the U.S and Britain settled with signing the Oregon treaty <span>The British gained sole possession of the land north of the 49th parallel and all of Vancouver Island, with the </span>United States receiving the territory south of that line.
Working Together. Federal, state, and local governments work together to build roads. City governments cooperate on common interests. ... Federal government gives grants-in-aid and block grants to state and local governments.