The caliphate created a bureaucracy where only Muslims held all positions of power. Option A is correct.
A caliphate refers to an Islamic state under the leadership of an Islamic steward known as calipha, a person considered a religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire ummah (community).
Bureaucracy refers to a body of non-elective government officials as well as an administrative policy-making group.
They didn’t give their money back
The majority opinion in the case Plessy vs. Ferguson was written by Supreme Court justice Henry Brown. In this opinion, he wrote that the Jim Crow laws that segregated blacks and whites in society did not violate the 14th amendment.
In his argument, he discussed how the 14th amendment and the equal protection clause were focused on creating legal equality. In this case, Plessy had the chance to sit in a rail car of equal quality. This helped to develop the concept of "separate but equal" which would be used in American society for the next 6 decades.
He wanted to use the Mississippi for trade