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The Latin American Wars of Independence were the revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America. These revolutions followed the American and French Revolutions, which had profound effects on the Spanish, Portuguese, and French colonies in the Americas. Haiti, a French slave colony, was the first to follow the United States to independence during the Haitian Revolution, which lasted from 1791 to 1804. From this Napoleon Bonaparte emerged as French ruler, whose armies set out to conquer Europe, including Spain and Portugal, in 1808.
<span>Eleven of the republics of the former Soviet Union are members of the commonwealth of independent states. The Commonwealth of Independent States was created when the Soviet Union dissolved and became Russia in 1991. Originally, it included ten of the former republics: Armenia, Kazakhstan, Molova, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Russia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan Taiikistan, and Ukraine.</span>
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The years are numbered according to the year in which Christ was believed to have been born. The period before that is known as B.C. (short for Before Christ) and the years after are known as A.D (short Anno Domini, and meaning the Year of our Lord).
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