Because of the Crusades, the Christian as well as the Islamic world had 360 degrees changes and negative long-term effects. Before the crusades most of Christians were pacifists and regard Jesus Christ as the Prince of peace; but due to the Crusades, Christians' posture about violence totally changed. From their perspective violence could be justified if it was used just in wars to defend their church and God's mandates. Although at first, the Crusades were used in order for Christian pilgrimages to access the Holy city of Jerusalem, which was something good because the Muslims had taken control over the city and didn't let them in. Later on, the Crusaders lost their original path and promoted religious warfare for two and half centuries committing pillaging, murder among other atrocities not only against Muslims but also against any other vulnerable minorities.
Crusades also helped to elevate the authority of the papacy as the authoritative spiritual and temporal power in Europe before the emergence of the nation-states. Nowadays, because of the way Crusades develop most Muslims regard them as cruel and savage onslaughts by European Christians.
Is the option to your answer
Out of the following statements, the one that was not an immediate result of the middle class increased its influenced in France.
Gulliver has come to love the Houyhnhnms, their society, and their way of living
Reverend Dimmesdale saying "Come, my little Pearl" is significant because it is his public confession that Pearl is his daughter.
After he finishes his sermon,<u> Reverend Dimmesdale shows people that he is not 'the holiest man in New England' as everyone thinks by revealing that Pearl, Hester's daughter, is his illegitimate child</u>. When he tells his secret, Hester and Pearl stand by his side and both of them are witness of the A that he has carved into his skin, which symbolizes that the Reverend is a sinner. After he confesses his sin and asks for forgiveness, Reverend Dimmesdale dies on the scaffold.
