Answer:
The limited autonomy of the robotic rovers on Mars posed a big problem.
Explanation:
Missions are very costly, and can lead the project to fail with the simplest errors. If the rover was permanently trapped on a rock or destroyed, it would have a catastrophic impact on the exploration. Thus on-board technologies would still be more traditional than what a laboratory environment has sought. The autonomous rovers will considerably increase the productivity of crew. Responsibility for their own well-being is also useful for the rovers: to prevent getting hurt, to recognize and correct recoverable hardware and software faults.
The bacterium, which is able to survive in both aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions are known as facultative anaerobes.
The facultative anaerobes are the organism, which can use oxygen for the synthesis of the ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecule, but in the condition, where the oxygen is less or absent, they shift to fermentation or anaerobic respiration.
Hence, the correct answer is facultative anaerobes.
The answer is B. The planets were all formed from dust that was orbiting around the sun.
Answer:
Wind power or wind energy is the use of wind turbines to generate electricity. Wind power is a popular, sustainable, renewable energy source that has a much smaller impact on the environment than burning fossil fuels
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Answer:
TNF-alpha is expressed as a homotrimer that exerts its activities through binding to two types of receptors: TNFR1 and TNFR2, which are transmembrane glycoproteins characterized by having an extracellular domain with 4 cysteine-rich domains (CRD 1-4) , each with 3 cysteinecysteine disulfide bonds.
Explanation:
TNF-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor), which has the characteristic of being a paracrine signaling ligand, is a pleiotropic cytokine that functions as a mediator of immune regulation, the inflammatory response and apoptosis in some cell types. Receptors in this family are involved, with some exceptions, in juxtacrine signaling; that is, both the ligand and the receptor are membrane proteins with extracellular domains through which signaling is established. The cellular responses promoted by TNF are initiated by its interaction with two different types of cell receptors, the type I receptor (55 kDa) and the type II receptor (75 kDa). Both types of receptors are part of the TNF receptor family, members of which include Fas antigen (apoptosis inducer, also called Apo-1 or CD95), CD27 (T-cell activation antigen), CD30 (lymphoma marker Hodgkin) and CD40 (B-cell antigen), which share the characteristic of cysteine-rich sequences in their extracellular domains. This family of cytokines generate cellular responses that include differentiation, proliferation, activation of NFκB and cell death, promoting the aggregation of receptor monomers, that is, they have a transmembrane domain that participates in the solubilization of the receptor and a domain of intracellular death that is involved in signal transduction. The binding of TNF to TNF-R1 induces a signaling cascade through its intracellular death domain, which subsequently leads to the activation of complex I (or inflammatory) of NFkB and proceeds to the transcription of anti-apoptotic genes, pro- inflammatory diseases and apoptosis complex II (caspases).
