Mao Zedong headed the Communist forces in CHINA while Chiang Kai-shek was the leader of the Nationalists. When the communists defeated the nationalists in 1949, Mao Zedong became the leader of the newly established People's Republic of China, and he presided both the country and the Communist party until death in 1976. Meanwhile, after the defeat, Chiang Kai-shek had to run, together with his goverment, to Taiwan.
The colony being described is Georgia. It was founded in 1732 and it served as a military protective zone between the English colonies and the Spanish settlement in Florida.
