Answer: In 1808, Spain's American colonies, one by one, began to fight for independence. Even before this spirit spread to Mexico, California felt the effects of the rebellions, for Spain's hard-pressed navy could not spare ships to bring supplies to the missions, presidios, and pueblos north of San Diego. Thus, in the dozen years that followed, local authorities relaxed restrictions on trading with non-Spanish merchants so that the colony could survive, and Californians became accustomed to contact with sailors, traders, hunters, and trappers from England, France, Russia, and, of course, the United States.
In 1821, Mexico achieved her independence, and word of this event reached Alta California the following year. The colonial policies of the republic were to be quite different from those of the Spanish monarchy. Not only were Californians allowed to trade with foreigners, but foreigners could also now hold land in the province once they had been naturalized and converted to Catholicism. Under Spain, land grants to individuals were few in number, and title to these lands remained in the hands of the crown. Under Mexican rule, however, governors were encouraged to make more grants for individual ranchos, and these grants were to be outright. Most important, the new Mexican republic was determined to move to "secularize" the missions, to remove the natives and the mission property from the control of the Franciscan missionaries.
Explanation:
If a U.S. Supreme Court justice chooses to retire and move to Florida then "<span>The president will nominate someone to fill the position, and the Senate will approve the choice" since this the process that takes place whenever a justice leaves for any reason.</span>
Answer:
<h3>Basic political, social and economical machinery of a particular system, state, country or society.</h3><h3>Individuals learn the powers and functions of its own government.</h3>
Explanation:
- Civics, also known as Citizenship, is an important subject that aims at providing education and knowledge about<u> basic political, social and economical machinery of a particular system, state, country or society.</u> Studying civics as a subject helps individuals to learn about how <u>governmental processes work and educates one to become a contributing and responsible citizen.</u>
- It is an important subject because <u>each government works differently.</u> The U.S government functions differently than the Russian government. Through civics, individuals <u>learn the powers and functions of its own government</u>. Individuals become <u>conscious of their rights and freedoms that their government provides which further helps them acquire confidence in becoming a responsible citizen.</u>
Although the effectiveness of these tactics can be question, it was in "a Korea and Indochina" that the Eisenhower administration effectively use brinkmanship, since this was part of the Cold War.
